IAPAC Guidelines Offer Recommendations to Optimize Entry into and Retention in HIV Care, and Treatment Adherence

The International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (IAPAC) today announced the publication of a new set of evidence-based guidelines meant to optimize entry into and retention in HIV care and adherence to HIV treatment.

The “Guidelines for Improving Entry into and Retention in Care and Antiretroviral Adherence for Persons with HIV” were developed by an expert IAPAC Panel and e-published March 5, 2012 by the Annals of Internal Medicine.

Western University of Health Sciences College of Pharmacy Associate Dean for Experiential and Professional Affairs James Scott, PharmD, MEd, FCCP, co-authored the guidelines as part of the distinguished IAPAC Panel.

“Despite what many people think, HIV is still here and the epidemic is still growing. Successful treatment is the only way to save the lives of those who are infected,” Dr. Scott said. “These guidelines, written by a diverse group of experts, represent an interprofessional approach to helping patients with HIV infection be successful with their treatment.”

The guidelines include recommendations in several key areas: entry into and retention in care; monitoring adherence to HIV care and antiretroviral therapy (ART); interventions to improve ART adherence, including those involving choice of ART regimens; adherence tools for patients; education and counseling; and health system and service delivery interventions. The needs of special populations (such as pregnant women, individuals with mental health and substance use disorders, homeless and marginally housed individuals, incarcerated individuals, and children and adolescents) are also addressed in the guidelines, as are recommendations for future research in these areas.

“Over the past 15 years, we have made astounding progress in HIV treatment, resulting in longer and healthier lives for people living with HIV. Yet many people are unable to optimally benefit from these advances because of delayed diagnosis and multiple challenges to entering and staying in medical care,” said Melanie A. Thompson, MD, co-chair of the IAPAC Panel. “Once receiving potent treatment for HIV, many struggle to take their drugs consistently. Unfortunately, missed doses and drug holidays lead to resistant virus and, often, to treatment failure. Ultimately, both individual and public health depend on helping patients to successfully negotiate all of the steps of this treatment cascade.”

According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), only 69 percent of HIV-positive persons in the United States enter HIV care, 59 percent are retained in care, and only 28 percent of Americans living with HIV have an undetectable viral load. A recent African study found that more than two-thirds of HIV-infected individuals were lost from care if they were not yet eligible for drug treatment.

“IAPAC is proud of the work advanced by our panel in developing these pioneering guidelines, which we hope will help strengthen the three pillars of HIV treatment success – entry into and retention in care, as well as ART adherence,” said José M. Zuniga, PhD, MPH, IAPAC’s president. “We have known for some time that much more attention is required to optimize the way in which HIV-positive patients are linked to and retained on HIV treatment so that they derive the full benefit of existing care, treatment, and support. These guidelines are an important step in that direction.”

Zuniga further identified some immediate steps IAPAC is taking to implement the guidelines’ recommendations. In the next several months, IAPAC will launch a multidisciplinary continuing education-accredited online activity to educate physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and psychologists about the guidelines’ recommendations. Peer educator and patient-oriented activities to increase health and HIV literacy, and to facilitate guidelines-recommended behavioral interventions, also are planned.

Guidelines development was jointly sponsored by IAPAC and the US National Institutes of Health’s Office of AIDS Research.

The e-published guidelines is available here: http://www.annals.org/content/early/2012/03/05/0003-4819-156-11-201206050-00419.full. A date for print publication of the guidelines in the Annals of Internal Medicine is pending.